<div style='margin-bottom: 20px;'> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What is the primary source of carbon and energy for autotrophs?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Carbon dioxide (CO2) and inorganic matter.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What type of environment do microaerophiles thrive in?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">An environment with only a trace amount of oxygen.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What is the significance of the bacterial cell wall?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The cell wall maintains the shape of the cell, protects against osmotic lysis, and confers Gram staining properties.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What defines the general structure of bacteria?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Bacteria are small unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms without membrane-bound organelles, possessing a single circular molecule of double-stranded DNA.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">How do bacteria reproduce?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Bacteria reproduce rapidly through a process called binary fission.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">How do Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria differ in their cell wall composition?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, while Gram negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What role do plasmids play in bacteria?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Plasmids contain genes for antibiotic resistance and toxins, can be transferred between bacteria, and replicate independently of the chromosome.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">How should the scientific names of bacteria be written according to binomial nomenclature?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Genus name followed by species name, with the genus name abbreviated and capitalized.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What are the main factors that classify bacteria?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Bacteria are classified based on shape, arrangement, Gram stain, nutritional requirements, and oxygen requirements.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">How does the growth curve of bacteria typically progress?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The growth curve includes a lag phase, log phase (exponential growth), stationary phase, and decline (death) phase.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What is the function of selective growth media?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">To inhibit the growth of unwanted bacteria while allowing pathogenic bacteria to grow.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What role does the capsule play in bacterial structure?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">It prevents phagocytosis.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">How does enriched media differ from basic growth media?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">It contains specific nutrients necessary for the growth of fastidious bacteria.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What is the purpose of differential growth media?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">To allow visual distinction of different bacteria, usually by a color change.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What is unique about bacterial ribosomes compared to eukaryotic ribosomes?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Bacterial ribosomes are 70S, consisting of 50S and 30S subunits, and are the target site of several antibiotics.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Why is it important to culture bacteria in a laboratory setting?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">For the diagnosis of infectious diseases and epidemiological studies.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Describe the process and significance of sporulation in bacteria.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Sporulation allows bacteria to produce endospores in response to adverse conditions, resulting in a resting form that is resistant to harsh conditions.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">They code for antibiotic resistance.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What distinguishes facultative anaerobes from strict aerobes in terms of oxygen requirements?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Facultative anaerobes can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen, while strict aerobes require oxygen for growth.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What are the characteristics of basic growth media in bacterial cultivation?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">They provide essential nutrients for the growth of non fastidious or hardy organisms.</p> </div> </div>