<div style='margin-bottom: 20px;'> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Biodiesel</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A biofuel intended as a substitute for diesel, made from natural oils or fats through transesterification.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Supercritical CO2</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Carbon dioxide above its critical temperature and pressure, used as an eco-friendly solvent.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Phase Diagram</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Solvation Ability</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The ability of a solvent to dissolve a solute, forming a solution.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Equilibrium limitations</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Constraints on the extent to which a chemical reaction can proceed.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Lipase</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Biocatalysis</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The use of natural catalysts, such as enzymes, to perform chemical transformations on organic compounds.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Biocatalysis in Non-aqueous Media</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Refers to the use of enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions in non-water environments.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Non-aqueous medium</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A solvent environment that does not contain water.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Acetone</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A volatile, flammable, and colorless liquid used as an organic solvent.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Calibration curves</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Graphs used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of a substance in an unknown sample by comparing it to a set of standard samples of known concentration.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Hexane</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A hydrocarbon used as a non-polar solvent.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Indirect solvent effects</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Effects on a reaction that occur due to changes in the solvent environment, not directly involving the reactants or catalyst.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Direct solvent effects</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Effects on a reaction that occur due to direct interaction between the solvent and the reactants or catalyst.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Aqueous media</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A solvent environment that is primarily composed of water.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Retention time</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The time it takes for a particular compound to travel through the chromatography column to the detector.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Peak area</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">In chromatography, it represents the quantity of the substance in the sample.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Propane</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C3H8, used as a solvent in the reaction.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">CO2</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Carbon dioxide, a colorless gas with a density about 53% higher than that of dry air.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Dilution factor</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The ratio of the final volume to the initial volume.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Ethylene</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A hydrocarbon which is a colorless flammable gas used as a plant hormone and in the synthesis of polyethylene.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Lysine residues</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Amino acids in proteins that can be involved in enzyme denaturation, especially in supercritical CO2.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Propane</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A three-carbon alkane, used as fuel in heating appliances, engines, and as a propellant.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Non-polar solvents</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Solvents that do not have a significant electrical dipole moment and are used to dissolve non-polar substances.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Ionic liquids (IL)</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Salts in the liquid state below 100°C, used as solvents due to their unique properties.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Esterase</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">An enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage and formation of ester bonds.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Stoichiometry</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Gas chromatography (GC)</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A method used to separate and analyze compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Ethanol</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A colorless, volatile liquid used widely as an organic solvent and as a recreational beverage.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Compressed gases</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Gases stored under high pressure, used as the medium for the reaction.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Green Solvents</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Solvents that are environmentally friendly, often having low toxicity and low environmental impact.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">EHS (Environmental, Health, and Safety)</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A set of laws, regulations, and workplace practices designed to protect the environment and ensure worker safety.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">CED (Cumulative Energy Demand)</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A measure of the total amount of energy used in the lifecycle of a product or service.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Catalytic activity</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The ability of a catalyst to accelerate a chemical reaction.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Enzyme activity</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The measure of the quantity of active enzyme present, indicating the enzyme's ability to catalyze its specific reaction.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Solubility</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Polar solvents</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Solvents containing molecules with a significant electrical dipole moment, allowing them to dissolve ionic and other polar substances.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A colorless gas used in refrigeration, as a solvent in supercritical fluid extraction, and in carbonated beverages.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Polar solvent accessible surface area (PSASA)</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A measure of the surface area of a protein that is accessible to a polar solvent.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Water</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME)</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Esters of fatty acids and methanol, components of biodiesel.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Esterification</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A chemical reaction that forms an ester as the reaction product of an alcohol and an acid.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE)</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A condition where a liquid and its vapor are in equilibrium with each other, a balance of phases.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Immobilised enzyme</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">An enzyme attached to an inert, insoluble material—such as calcium alginate—used to improve the enzyme's stability and ease of separation from the reaction mixture.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Transesterification</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A chemical reaction that exchanges the organic group R″ of an ester with the organic group R′ of an alcohol.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Organic Solvent</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A solvent containing carbon and used in the process of dissolving other substances.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Transesterification reaction</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A chemical reaction that exchanges the organic group R″ of an ester with the organic group R′ of an alcohol.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Subtilisin</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A serine protease enzyme found in bacteria and fungi, used in this context as a catalyst.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Diethylcarbonate</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">An organic compound used as a solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">External standard</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A known quantity of a compound that is added to a sample to calibrate the response of an analytical instrument.</p> </div> </div>