<div style='margin-bottom: 20px;'> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What role does a Database Administrator (DBA) play?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Responsible for establishing a good database environment, maintaining data integrity, security, reliability, ensuring normalization, avoiding redundancy and inconsistency.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What challenges come with implementing a DBMS?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Complexity, size, performance issues, high cost, and a higher impact of failure.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Who is considered the father of the Relational Database?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Edgar Frank “Ted” Codd.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What was a significant development in database technology during the 1980s?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The widespread acceptance of the Relational Model.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What are the advantages of using a DBMS?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Supports multiple users, avoids inconsistency, allows data sharing, tunability, and provides data backup.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What is the primary function of a Database Management System (DBMS)?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">To define, store, manipulate, and control data in a database.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">How does information differ from data?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Information is organized data presented in a meaningful way, significant by itself, and depends on data.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What does XML stand for and what is its role in databases?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Extensible Markup Language, used to describe text in a digital document and integrated into DBMS products for processing.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">is a collection of information and a means to manipulate data in a useful way, which must provide proper storage for large amounts of data, easy and fast access and facilitate the processing of data. </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">DATABASE</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">) is a set of software that is used to define, store, manipulate and control the data in a database.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Database Management System (DBMS) </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">collection of files in a database management system </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Computerized database</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">● Organized data presented in meaningful way ● group of data carries a logical meaning ● significant by itself ● depends on data </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Information </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">a collection of files stored in filling cabinets</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Manual database: </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">● Raw facts that constitute building blocks of information. ● Unorganized and unrefined facts ● Does not have any specific purpose ● Has no significance ● Never depends on information </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Data </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">is a type of database model wherein multiple member records or files can be linked to multiple owner files and vice versa. Allows each record to have multiple parents and multiple child records. A network database allows flexible relationship model between entities</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">network database </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">is a database system that can work with complex data objects — that is, objects that mirror those used in object-oriented programming languages</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">object-oriented database </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">also known as a text database, is a type of database that stores data in a plain text format.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">flat file, </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">database model is a data model in which the data are organized into a tree-like structure. A record is a collection of fields, with each field containing only one value. </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">hierarchical</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">is a database service built and accessed through a cloud platform.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Cloud database </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">database is a digital database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A system used to maintain relational databases is a relational database management system.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Relational database</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">THREE LEADING DATABASSE COMPONIES:</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">• IBM • ORACLE • MICROSOFT </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Popular DBMS Software: </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">• MySQL • MICROSOFT ACCESS • ORACLE • IBM DB2 </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">displays the information stored in a table in columns and rows. You can use a datasheet to create a table, enter data , retrieve data and perform other tasks</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">datasheet</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">which means that you have to design the database before you actually start to write it.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Database Modeling</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">A database management program that let anyone create a functional database as quickly as possible.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010: </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">With Microsoft Access , you can create structures like:</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">• TABLES • FORMS • REPPORTS • QUERIES </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">also known as the Access workspace, is the central interface where you can access all the features and functionalities of Microsoft Access</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The main access window </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">The main area of the Access window was dedicated to the active object or task.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Main Workspace: </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">contained shortcuts to commonly used commands, such as saving, printing, formatting text, and managing database objects.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Menu Bar</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Located at the top of the window, the title bar displays the name of the current database or application.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Title Bar</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">contained shortcuts to commonly used commands, such as saving, printing, formatting text, and managing database objects.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Tool Bar: </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">: This window provided a hierarchical view of all the objects within the database, including tables, queries, forms, reports, macros, and modules.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Database Window: </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">At the bottom of the Access window, the status bar provided information about the current task or operation, such as the number of records in a table or the progress of a query.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Status Bar</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">One unique feature of Access 2010. This can be used to add commonly used fields into a database table. This will be used to make it easier for an Access database to be created with different functions.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Quick Start Option</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">contains a variety of menus, toolbars, and other features that allow you to create and work with your database</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Access window </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">is located on the top-left corner. When we click on the Office button, it displays some useful options which are used very frequently. Provides us options to open, save, print any document, or perform other common functions.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">office button </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Standalone users use ready-made databases and graphical interfaces with menus icons and buttons.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">. Stand Alone Users</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">gives you various options for opening, saving, printing, and viewing more information about your database.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Backstage view </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">It shows you what is in the database and makes the information accessible to you.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Navigation Pane</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">The sophisticated users are responsible for entering the SQL queries just like insert select delete and update into the database. Sophisticated users do not require any kind of application program to query the database.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Sophisticated Users</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Specialized users are also called sophisticated users but they are responsible for writing the special database application programs. The specialized users are responsible for developingthe programs according to the given requirements.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;"></p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">The database administrator is responsible for establishing a good database environment and he is the person who is responsible for all the databases</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Database administrator</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">a customizable toolbar that comes with a set of independent commands. It gives you quick access to commonly used commands such as Save, Undo, Redo, etc.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Quick access toolbar</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">It displays the title of the currently open document or application.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Title Bar</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">contains multiple tabs, each with several groups of commands. Some tabs, like Form Layout Tools and Table Tools, may appear only when you are working with certain objects like forms and tables.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The Ribbon </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Application programmers work on the database with the help of DML queries. The DML queries can be written in any e-application program just as Pascal c + + and Java etc</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Application Programmers</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">part can be as simple as a single field, or it can include several fields with multiple data types, validation rules, default values and value list lookups with data</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">data type </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">is an Access template that you can add to an existing database, to extend its functionality.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">application part</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">When we develop software with a good database then the native users are the actual users who work on the given database with the help of graphical user interfaces. </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Native users</p> </div> </div>