<div style='margin-bottom: 20px;'> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What were James Lind's contributions to understanding and preventing scurvy?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">He suspected that citrus fruits could prevent scurvy and based this on anecdotal observations.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Are known carrier of Mycobacterium leprae, cause of Leprosy</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Armadillos </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Who is known as the Father of Microbiology?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Anton Van Leeuwenhoek</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Found in undercooked pork </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Taenia cyst</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Bubonic plague is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium called</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Yersinia pestis.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Who made the number of observations regarding common causes of death</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">John Graunt</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">He was the first person to see bacteria (1674), yeast, protozoa, sperm cells, and red blood cells.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Anton Van Leeuwenhoek</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">He was a Scot who served as physician general to the British forces during the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48).</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">John Pringle and “Jail Fever”</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What is Typhus or typhus fever</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus.Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash.Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;"> Diagnose, investigate, and monitor health problems and health hazards of the community</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;"></p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Dark, tender, swollen nodule </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Buboes</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">A field of public health which concerns itself with the study and improvement of the health characteristics of biological communities</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">COMMUNITY HEALTH</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What significant change did the Agricultural Revolution bring about in human societies?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A more secure supply of food and population expansions.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What were some common beliefs about the cause of the plague before its actual transmission method was known?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Miasmas, person-to-person contact, sun exposure, or intentional poisoning.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">They belived that natural spirits are sometimes mischievous or vengeful.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Primitive people</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What was the primary challenge for hunter-gatherers ten thousand years ago?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Finding enough food to eat.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What was the early attempt to rationalize diseases in the Hippocratic Corpus?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">As an imbalance of man with the environment, not as punishment from the gods.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">How was the Bubonic Plague transmitted to humans?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">By infected fleas jumping from rats to humans.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">How did the Industrial Revolution affect public health in Europe and America?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">It brought new health problems due to poor living conditions, working hazards, and environmental pollution.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Define 'community health' in the context of public health.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">The study and improvement of the health characteristics of biological communities, focusing on geographical areas.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">He proposed a number of measures aimed at improving the health of soldiers including improvements in hospital ventilation and camp sanitation, proper drainage, adequate latrines, and the avoidance of marshes. </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">John Pringle</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">He published “Micrographia” in 1665</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;"> Hobert Hoeke</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Made a number of observations regarding common causes of death, higher death rates in men, seasonal variation in death rates, and the fact that some diseases have relatively constant death rates, while others varied considerably. </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">John Graunt - The Bill of Mortality</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Typhus due to Orientia tsutsugamushi spread by chiggers</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Scrub typhus</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Typhus due to Rickettsia typhi spread by fleas</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Murine typhus</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">It is a disease due to the deficiency in Vitamin C that results in weak connective tissue and abnormally fragile capillaries that rupture easily, causing bleeding, anemia, edema, jaundice, heart failure and death</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Scurvy</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">The Father of Epidemiology</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">John Snow</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">He was a contemporary of Broussais’s who believed in using numerical methods to evaluate treatment.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Pierre Louis</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">A physician in London who spent several decades studying cholera in a systematic way. He is most often credited with solving an outbreak of cholera that occurred in London in 1854.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">John Snow</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">He is a social reformer, published a report entitled the “Report into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain”</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Sir Edwin Chadwick</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">He was a French biologist and chemist who made enormous contributions to Germ Theory, to prevent of food spoilage, and to the control of disease</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Louis Pasteur </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">He was instrumental in creating a central public health administration that paved the way for drainage, sewers, garbage disposal, regulation of housing, and regulations regarding nuisances and offensive trades. </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;"> Sir Edwin Chadwick</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">resulted in remarkable improvements in health and well-being</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Sanitary idea</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">He concluded that in the fermentation in wine and beer microorganisms were responsible </h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Louis Pasteur</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Charles Edward A. Winslow</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">MAHABA DI KO NA NILAGAY</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What is the difference of isolation and quarantine?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">ISOLATION - for people who are SICK ; QUARANTINE - for people who are NOT SICK but have been EXPOSED</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">The science and art of preventing health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">PUBLIC HEALTH </p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">A restriction on the movement of people and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is often used in connection to disease and illness.</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">QUARANTINE</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">A complete separation from others of a person suffering from contagious or infectious disease</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">ISOLATION</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Covers a series of activities at the community level aimed at bringing about desired improvement in the social well-being of individuals, groups and neighborhoods</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Refers to the improvements made in a patient’s lifestyle or environment after the onset of disease or disability</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Secondary healthcare and secondary prevention</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Document the impact of an intervention, or track progress towards specified goals</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Public Health Surveillance Programs</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Provided by health professionals, specifically the ones a patient sees first that may refer them to secondary or tertiary care</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Primary healthcare</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;"> Diagnose, investigate, and monitor health problems and health hazards of the community</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Public Health Surveillance Programs</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">In this type of healthcare, community health can only be affected with professional medical care involving the entire population</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Tertiary healthcare</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Monitor and clarify the epidemiology of health problems,allow priorities to be set, , and inform health policy and strategies</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Public Health Surveillance Programs</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Serve as an early warning system for impending public health emergencies</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Public Health Surveillance Programs</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">In this healthcare, the patient need to be referred to specialists and undergo advanced medical treatment</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Tertiary healthcare</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">It is being often used synonymous to community work, community development and community mobilization. It can represent both community-based organizations, operating as civil society non-profits, and also as a function of organizing within communities defined by geographical location, shared work space, and/or shared experience or concerns</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">Typhus due to Rickettsia prowazekii spread by body lice,</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Epidemic typhus</p> </div> </div>