<div style='margin-bottom: 20px;'> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">How are amino acids differentiated from one another?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Amino acids differ in their side-chain characteristics, which can include different groups such as -H, -R, -OH, -SH, -SR, or –CO2H, and varying nitrogen properties.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What are proteins made of?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Proteins are biopolymers of alpha-amino acids.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What role do proteins play in the body?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Proteins serve functions such as structure, acting as enzymes, transport, protection, and hormones.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What makes an amino acid essential?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">An amino acid is considered essential if it cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What distinguishes complete proteins from incomplete proteins?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Complete proteins provide all essential amino acids, while incomplete proteins lack one or more of these amino acids.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">How do amino acids behave in terms of solubility and acidity?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Amino acids have high melting points, are more soluble in water than in ether, have larger dipole moments than simple acids or amines, and are less acidic than most carboxylic acids but less basic than most amines.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What is the significance of rare amino acids?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">Rare amino acids, such as 4-Hydroxyproline and 5-hydroxylysine, have specific roles in certain biological structures or functions, like collagen or neurotransmission.</p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 1rem; padding: 10px 20px;"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 1.5rem;">What is a zwitterion and how is it related to amino acids?</h2> <p style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2rem;">A zwitterion is a dipolar ion, and an amino acid can exist as a zwitterion, with the —COOH group losing H+ and the —NH2 group gaining H+, depending on the pH.</p> </div> </div>